Roman Numerals

Roman numeral questions involve converting between Arabic and Roman numerals, as well as basic arithmetic. The key is to know the value of each symbol and the subtractive principle.

• Symbols: I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000
• Rule: Numerals are arranged from greatest to least. You cannot have four of the same numeral in a row.
• Subtraction: A smaller numeral placed before a larger one means subtraction (e.g., IV=4, IX=9, XL=40, XC=90, CD=400, CM=900).

To convert a number like 199, break it down: $100 + 90 + 9 \rightarrow C + XC + IX = CXCIX$.